Even if the Paris Agreement is met, global temperatures rise 3-5C on preindustrial levels. Even if all carbon emissions stop, Arctic temperatures rise 5C on 2005 levels.Sharp rise in Arctic temperatures now inevitable – UN | Environment | The Guardian https://t.co/bBC1P1W2Hh
.@UNEnvironment's sixth Global Environment Outlook outlines transformative change for healthy people & planet:1. Food production has to be kinder to the environment2. The renewables race must turn into a sprint3. Value waste, change our economic modelhttps://t.co/1W772bcpVwpic.twitter.com/iFRdHrbNn8
"Solving our environmental challenges requires all of us, not half of us."In focus on Day 3 of #UNEA4:The importance of women playing a bigger role in environmental solutionsThe findings of #GEO6 & its guidance for the action our planet needs#SolveDifferentpic.twitter.com/eO7KBhcxis
2015年,聯合國氣候變遷大會COP21通過了《巴黎協定》(ParisAgreement),要求各國政府訂定溫室氣體減量承諾,力求在這個世紀結束前,把全球溫度控制在比前工業時期前高1.5度到2度之間。同年,聯合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC),在韓國仁川發布了《IPCC全球升溫1.5ºC特別報告》(Global Warming of 1.5°C),警告假如地球氣溫多出攝氏1.5度,將會帶來珊瑚礁滅絕、生物多樣性減少、全球用水短缺等多項危機。
正負2度C內的全球危機
值得注意的是,在2015年的報告中,並未將北極永凍層融化等因素納入考量,《衛報》(The Guardian)指出,假使北極永凍層嚴重融解至低於臨界點,全球溫度將遠遠超過《巴黎協定》上升2度內的安全限制。根據美國國家海洋暨大氣總署(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)2017年的報告顯示,北極地區的變暖速度是其他地區的2倍,即使全球溫度控制在《巴黎協定》規定的2度增幅內,將近2分之1的北極凍土仍會消失。
It's official! According to @NASAGISS & @NOAA, Earth's 2018 global surface temperatures were the fourth warmest since 1880, with warming trends strongest in the Arctic region . Stay on top of the trends at: https://t.co/oyaJrze27Tpic.twitter.com/fSkYmG720m
全球暖化已無法避免,但達成《巴黎協定》設立的目標仍十分重要,專家強調現在地球需要的是更加急迫、有效的手段遏止情況加速惡化。芬蘭環境部長基莫地利凱(Kimmo Tiilikainen)仍希望能亡羊補牢,呼籲各國應在短期內,減少黑碳( black carbon)及其他短期氣候污染物(short-lived climate pollutants)排放。根據聯合國先前研究,大幅縮限黑碳、甲烷等,能有效減緩0.5度的升溫。
3-5°C temperature rise is now ‘locked-in’ for the Arctic | Even if Paris Agreement goals met, Arctic winter temperatures will increase 3-5°C by 2050 compared to 1986-2005 levels. Thawing permafrost could wake ‘sleeping giant’ of more greenhouse gases,… https://t.co/k2GonTogBYpic.twitter.com/HJ6tIE2ZoB